KM 2550 Error Code C6000, How to Fix

KM 2550 is a good machine. It has been in my personal use for a long time. It is a multifunction product (Printer, Copier, Scanner and Fax as an option). The only problem I faced in this machine is that sometimes it display "C6000" error code. After consulting a service representative I came to know that this is because of broken fixing wire or low power supply voltage. Machine does not worms up properly and displays error code. If you have same problem you can reset this code by following these steps:
1. Enter 1087 twice (1087 1087) from the machine key board. Display will change to "U000".
2. Enter 163 using the numeric keys.
3. Press Start (green) key twice.
Machine will restart. I hope that solves the problem, but if error occurs again, a fault may have occurred in fusing unit of the photocopier. In this case it is better to call a trained technician.
Same procedure can be repeated for the error codes "C6020", "C6050", "C6400" and "C6420".
I am providing this information without any guarantee. Use it on your own risk.

What is the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)?

The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) is a sanctioned Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard for printing documents over the web. IPP defines basic handshaking and communication methods, but does not enforce the format of the print data stream. Typically, a standard page description language, such as HP PCL or Adobe PostScript, is used. IPP was created by a consortium of printer manufacturers and related industries. Using the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) You can make Windows 2000 printing features accessible over the Internet. To install a printer over the Internet, use the printer’s URL as the name of the printer. Within an intranet, you can alternatively use the printer’s share name . Windows 2000 installs an IPP port by default How IPP Works IPP is a set of communication rules built on top of the HTTP Internet standard. Key features are the ability to poll a printer to ask about its availability and properties. To function, an IPP printer requires a Universal Resource Identifier (URI), which is typically a URL, including an IP address. Since it is built on HTTP, printers may also be configured to require a user name and password.

LPR port in Windows 2000

Before you can select an LPR port with the add printer wizard in Windows 2000 or Windows NT you must install Print services for Unix.
Step 1:
Click on the Start button and select the Settings submenu. Select the Network and Dail-up Connections option.
Step 2:
Select “Optional Network Components…” from the Advanced menu … (figure a) and the Windows Optional Networking Components Wizard (figure b) will appear.
Step 3:
Select the Network and Dail-up Connections option and click on the Next button.
Step 4:
Select “Print Services for Unix” and click OK. (In Windows NT this is called “TCP/IP Print Services”). After you have installed “Print Services for Unix” you are able to select “LPR Port” from the Add Printer Wizard

Windows Terminal Servers

Windows Terminal Servers contain three main components: a multi-user component (MultiWin), a remote presentation component/protocol (RDP – Remote Desktop Protocol), and client software (Terminal Server Client).

These three components enable a user running a thin client/dumb terminal to connect to the Terminal Server and use resources on the server. All processing and resource usage is done on the server. This includes all data storage, processing, and application execution. Basically, the only thing that travels the network between the client and the Terminal Server are keystrokes and screen updates.

The multi-user component is an essential component on Windows Terminal Servers. This component is responsible for the multi-user functionality of the product. The term “multi-user“ means that multiple users can access an application, driver, and operating system processes on the Terminal Server simultaneously.The MultiWin component is responsible for making sure that the servers hardware (processor, memory, etc.) and software (applications, registry, etc.) can be accessed simultaneously by many users without causing conflicts.

The RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is just like the name suggests. It’s main function is to bring the servers desktop to the users who are running the client software. Currently there are two versions of this protocol that you may run into out in the field: RDP 4.0 and RDP 5.0. RDP 4.0 was first introduced with Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition and RDP 5.0, which is the current version, is implemented in Windows 2000 Terminal Server. One point to remember about RDP is that it is only supported over TCP/IP.

The third component, the Terminal Server Client (TSC), is also crucial to this environment. The client is a small piece of software that is included with Windows NT/2000 Terminal Servers. The client software gets installed on the client machine / terminal. After you startup the Terminal Server Client you can then select the terminal server that you want to connect to. If the Terminal Server Client is connected, you are in a “terminal session” and have access to the resources on the terminal server. The Terminal Server Client uses RDP to communicate with the server.

Install NetBEUI on Windows XP

The files that you need for installing the NetBEUI protocol on Windows XP are Netnbf.inf and Nbf.sys. To install NetBEUI, follow these steps:

1. Insert your Windows XP CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive and then locate the Valueadd\MSFT\Net\NetBEUI folder.
2. Copy the Nbf.sys file to the %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\Drivers folder.
3. Copy the Netnbf.inf file to the %SYSTEMROOT%\Inf hidden folder.
   
   Note To make a hidden folder viewable, follow these steps:
4. Click Start, click Run, type Explorer, and then click OK.
5. Click Tools, click Folder Options, and then click the View tab.
6. Under Advanced Settings, click to select Show hidden files and folders under the Hidden files and folders Folder.
7. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click Network Connections.
8. Right-click the adapter you want to add NetBEUI to, and then click Properties.
9. On the General tab, click Install.
10. Click Protocol, and then click Add.
11. Click to select NetBEUI Protocol from the list and then click OK.
12. Restart your computer if you are prompted to do this.

The NetBEUI protocol is now installed and working

What is Citrix Metaframe?

Citrix Metaframe is software developed by Citrix Systems, Inc. that must be run on a terminal server when implemented on Windows platforms.

Citrix Metaframe is a software package that uses Terminal Servers multi-user environment to its advantage. In fact, it was Citrix who created MultiWin, the multi-user component in Terminal Server. In May 1997, Microsoft and Citrix signed an agreement to cross-license their technologies so that Microsoft could bring the MultiWin component into the mainline NT code base. This MultiWin component was first introduced into a Microsoft OS with Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Edition.

Some of the benefits that Citrix adds to Microsoft’s NT/2000 Terminal Server are the following:

• The ICA protocol: This protocol is much more efficient than the RDP.
• Can support many more client operating systems than Windows Terminal Server.
• Can support many more client devices than Windows Terminal Server.
• Can support many more protocols than Windows Terminal Server. RDP runs only over TCP/IP.
• Can support more connection types i.e., direct dial up, direct serial (async).
• Advanced multi-media support.
• Additional client capabilities – i.e., SpeedScreen and Program Neighborhood
• Contains more management tools than Windows Terminal Server
• Better web based support – Can publish apps to the web (ALE)

PJL Command Structure

This article gives an overview of some commands

Media Select (Alphanumeric ID Command)
Format: ESC & n # W 100[string]
Hex: 1B 26 6E # 57 64[string] (# is specified in the text below)
Function: Assigns an ID string to the media type.
Description: Media selection is one function of the Alphanumeric ID Commands. By setting operation = 100, it is possible to assign string IDs to media types.
Render Algorithm Command
Format: ESC * t # J
Hex: 1B 2A 74 # 4A (# is specified in the text below)
Function: Sets the Render Algorithm.
Description: The value of # can be in the range 0 - 12. Any other value causes the command to be ignored.
Driver Configuration Command
Format: ESC * o # W [device_id function_index Arguments]
Hex: 1B 2A 6F # 57 (# is specified in the text below)
Function: Specifies Lightness, Saturation, Scaling Algorithm, Select/Download Color Map, Trapping Mode, and Total amount toner control.
Description: The value of # is fixed to 3. (The number of bytes of device_id + function_index + Arguments)
Description: The value of # is fixed to 3. (The number of bytes of device_id + function_index + Arguments)

HDD Font Download Feature

To register font data onto the HDD, follow the steps below.
Create a directory on the HDD to store the fonts and download the font data to the directory.
Creating a Font Directory on the HDD
To create the “fonts” directory on the HDD, send the following PJL (Printer Job Language) command to the printer.
%-12345X
@PJL FSMKDIR NAME="0:\pcl"[]
@PJL FSMKDIR NAME="0:\pcl\fonts"[]
%-12345XNote: Anything between “[“ and “]” may be ignored. The end-of-line characters must not be in the order .


Here, means 0x1b, means 0x0d, and means 0x0a.Therefore, %-12345X in hex code would be:0x1b 0x25 0x2d 0x31 0x32 0x33 0x34 0x35 0x58
%-12345X is the UEL (Universal Exit Language) and must be at the beginning of any job to be registered onto the HDD. @PJL FSMKDIR NAME="0:\pcl" specifies the directory \pcl to be created on the HDD’s 0 volume. This causes the 0:\pcl directory to be created.
If the volume is not 0, a parse error will occur and no directory will be created.
Next, the @PJL FSMKDIR NAME="0:\pcl\fonts" command creates the “fonts” subdirectory under “pcl”. The directory where PCL font data can be stored is fixed to 0:\pcl\fonts.
PCL only recognizes “fonts”. No other directory is supported.
@PJL FSDOWNLOAD FORMAT:BINARY NAME = "0:\pcl\fonts\mCrj00cp.sft" SIZE=71502
This section specifies the file name and the file size of the PCL font data to follow.
qFile format must be binary.
qFile size must count the number of bytes after the , up to the last UEL but excluding the UEL. Size must be in the range 0 -231 - 1.
0:\pcl\fonts\mCrj00cp.sft is the font file name.
qAvailable characters are the same as those in DOS file names.
qFile name can be up to 100 characters long. Path names (including all intermediate directory names and the file name) must be no longer than 255 bytes.
Font ContentPCL 5e commands
q)s585W
ØFont Header Command. 585 indicates the number of Font Header Data bytes that follows this command. Font format follows.
q*c1E
ØCharacter Code Command. Character Code = 1
q(s930w
ØCharacter Definition Command. 930 indicates the number of bytes in the Character Data Block that follows this command. Character Format follows that command.
qAfter these, Character Code Command and Character Definition Command are sent for each character.

PostScript Fonts

True Type
An outline font technology developed jointly by Microsoft and Apple. Because TrueType support is built into all Windows and Macintosh operating systems, anyone using these operating systems can create documents using TrueType fonts.
Since being introduced in 1991, TrueType has quickly become the dominant font technology for everyday use, and is even displacing PostScript in many publishing environments.
PostScript Fonts
PostScript is an object-oriented language, meaning that it treats images, including fonts, as collections of geometrical objects rather than as bit maps. PostScript fonts are called outline fonts because the outline of each character is defined. They are also called scalable fonts because their size can be changed with PostScript commands. Given a single typeface definition, a PostScript printer can produce a multitude of fonts. In contrast, many non-PostScript printers represent fonts with bit maps. To print a bit-mapped typeface with different sizes, these printers require a complete set of bit maps for each size.
The principal advantage of object-oriented (vector) graphics over bit-mapped graphics is that object-oriented images take advantage of high-resolution output devices whereas bit-mapped images do not. A PostScript drawing looks much better when printed on a 600-dpi printer than on a 300-dpi printer. A bit-mapped image looks the same on both printers.
Every PostScript printer contains a built-in interpreter that executes PostScript instructions. If your laser printer does not come with PostScript support, you may be able to purchase a DIMM that contains PostScript.

Control Codes

Control Codes
A control code is a character that initiates a printer function, for example
Carriage Return (CR), Line Feed (LF), Form Feed (FF), etc.
Carriage Return (CR)
A carriage return is a special code that moves the cursor (or print head) to the beginning of the current line. In the ASCII character set, a carriage return has a decimal value of 13 (0D Hex).
Line Feed (LF)
A line feed is a code that moves the cursor on a display screen down one line. In the ASCII character set, a line feed has a decimal value of 10 (0A Hex).
On printers, a line feed advances the paper one line.
Form Feed (FF)
Printers that use continuous paper normally have a form feed button or command that advances the paper to the beginning of the next page.
A special character that causes the printer to advance one page length or to the top of the next page. In systems that use the ASCII character set, a form feed has a decimal value of 12 (0C Hex).

PCL Commands

• PCL5e/PCL5c commands are composed of two or more strings:
the first character is always the escape character and the characters following that are treated as the printer command.

• PCL commands provide access to the printer's PCL control structure. The PCL structure controls all of the printer's features except those used for vector graphics, which are controlled by the HP-GL/2 commands.
• PCL printer commands consist of two or more characters. The first character is always the ASCII escape character, identified by the EC symbol. EC is a special control code which identifies the subsequent string of characters as a printer command. As the printer monitors incoming data from a computer, it looks for this character. When this character appears, the printer reads it and its associated characters as a command to perform and not as data to print.
• Note
PCL printer commands (other than single-character control codes) are also referred to as escape sequences. The terms printer command and escape sequence are used interchangeably throughout this manual.
Once a PCL command sets a parameter, that parameter remains set until that PCL command is repeated with a new value, or the printer is reset to its user default environment. For example, if you send the printer a command to set line spacing to 3 lines/inch, each page prints 3 lines/inch until the printer receives a different Line Spacing command, or the printer is reset.

PostScript Level 3 Advantages Over PS Level 2

PostScript Level 3 offers the following improvements over Level 2.
1. Faster printing and improved quality
2. New features to support the increasingly complex documents available via the Internet, such as three-dimensional images.
3. For complex documents, PostScript Level 3 processes each component as a separate object to optimize imaging throughput.
4. The resident font set will be expanded to provide compatibility with the resident fonts of all leading operating systems, enhancing performance by reducing font downloading.
5. PDF has been integrated into Adobe PostScript Level 3.
6. Ease of use, ease of connection and ease of printer management all in one environment, including Web based printer management, support for all industry standard remote management technologies, and a single step CD-ROM installer for all drivers, fonts and value-added software.
7. PlanetReady Printing: Allows printing technology to meet local language needs world-wide.

PostScript Level 2 Advantages over Postsctipt Level1

PostScript Level 2 provides the following improvements over PostScript Level 1.

Composite Fonts: PostScript Level 2 supports character sets larger than 256 characters, unlike in PostScript Level 1. Japanese fonts require character sets larger than 256 characters.

Device-independent Colour: PostScript Level 2 supports the CIE (Commission International de l'Eclairage) colour system, as well as CMYK and RGB. The CIE system enables users to create, view, and print colours with more predictable results on a variety of displays and printers.

Forms: A form is a set of graphics, text, and/or images stored in memory for overlaying onto printed pages.

Better Halftone Algorithms

Improved Memory Management: Memory in a PostScript Level 2 device is dynamically-shared between all resources (font cache, form cache, page buffer. etc), resulting in increased efficiency. The memory taken up by each resource expands whenever necessary.

Patterns: PostScript Level 2 allows patterns in addition to solid colours. Recently used patterns are cached in memory, optimizing repeated use of the same pattern.

Printer-specific features: PostScript Level 2 can specify the requirements for a page and can control standard features (e.g., number of copies) and optional device features (e.g., duplex printing, multiple paper trays).

Benefits of the XPS Printer Driver

Benefits of the XPS Driver:

Improved color printing

High-fidelity print output

Faster printing of documents with rich graphics

Improved color printing

The operating system can communicate a broader range of color information from applications to inkjet printers that use more than four ink colors (known as wide-gamut printers).

The advanced color capabilities available in XPS make Windows Vista a great platform for printing photos with more lifelike output.

High-fidelity print output

The XPS print infrastructure enables high-fidelity output by reducing or eliminating image data conversions and color space conversions that typically occur during printing.

The benefit for users is that smooth shadings, fades, and glow effects used in modern documents print just as intended, without loss of image fidelity or color fidelity.

Faster printing of documents with rich graphics

With XPS-enabled enterprise class printers—available now from many printer manufacturers—the time spent waiting to finish printing a rich, color graphics document is dramatically reduced.

Consider a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation that has the same color background repeated across 30 slides.

Before XPS, that enterprise printer would render that same color image 30 times, creating a massive "spool" or print file (and a long wait for everyone else that needed the printer). These massive spool files were also a tax on network bandwidth.

With XPS, the color image is sent to and rendered by the printer once.

Konica 7020/7030 Tips and Repair

Konica 7020 is small size digital machine. Toner makes 26000 copies at standard A4 ratio. Developer life if about 200, 000. Drum life is 600,000 copies approximately. After 100,000 copies, the machine requires preventive maintenance including heat roller, pressure roller, fuser web, cleaning web, cleaning roller and heat sleeves.
How to change Developer:
Remove cover after removing two screws on the developer unit. Replace the developer with a new one and run the following simulation:
Press 3 and 6 simultaneously and turn the machine ON.
Select HV adjustment,
Press Next untill you see "L Detection"
Press the start key.
Machine should display "OK".
Do not perform this process if you are not a technician.
Copy Quality Adjustment:
You may adjust copy density within the "36" mode.
Common Error messages:
E18-1
Upper paper feed lift problem
E18-2
Lower paper feed lift problem
E18-3
Lower DB lift problem
E22-1
Drum temperature too high
E23-2
PCL connector problem
E26-1, -2, -3
Toner detection problem
F28-1
Charge corona problem
E28-2
Transfer Corona problem
E34-1
High fuser temperature problem, bad thermister
F 18-1
Upper paper feed lift problem
F 26-1
Toner density level is low. No toner.
F 28-1
Charge Corona problem, check any leakage
F 34-2
High Fuser Temperature
E35-1, 35-6
Low fuser temperature
F36-3
Open thermistr1.
F 37-1
Replace fuser cleaning web and reset the web counter in 36 mode.
How to reset Fusing Codes:
Press 2 and 5 simultaneously and turn on the machine ON. Dip swich 3, bit 1 is the fuser reset command, change 0 to 1, and press "ON".

Why DMS (Document management system)?

With the increasing number of electronically stored documents, the demand for efficient document management systems (DMS) and retrieval systems has been increased. The main reason for this development is that with these systems, the printing and filing are considerably less expensive and less complicated than with the conventional systems. Furthermore, the advancement of PC networking made it much easier to create, store and distribute electronic documents. 

With a DMS, several participants can access the database simultaneously. Via the Intra- or Internet, they can do this from any distance and it is guaranteed that they always deal with the latest version of a document.  
Using a DMS, the costs for office supplies and furniture like racks or paper can be minimized. Time can be saved due to the considerably more accurate filing and an easy retrieval of the documents. Automation and simplification of organizational processes make it possible that the employees can concentrate on other tasks. 
In addition to time- and cost saving, digital storage has the advantage that less storage space is needed. You would need up to 600 folders in order to store the content of a single CD-ROM with 
simple text files. A rack or filing cabinet of approx. 8 meters length would be required for the folders. Even a single CD-ROM with digital image files, which occupy much more memory space than text files, may represent the contents of up to 11 document folders.  
Therefore, the total saving potential of using a DMS is very high. The Forrester Research company reports that the computerization of document management can decrease administrative 
expenses by approximately 90%. Furthermore, the productivity may be increased by 100% and 
the workflow can be accelerated at a rate between a factor of 10 and a factor of 1000. Forrester Research is an independent technology- and market research company that provides information about the impact of technology on business and consumers.

Nevertheless, the expenditure for the introduction of a DMS should not be underestimated. In
addition to high acquisition costs, the use of a new electronic document management systemrequires training of personnel. Furthermore, all documents which are already available on papermust be digitalized, and that is - as experience shows – a quite laborious and extensive matter.
 
Document management systemsAlfresco List
Cognidox
ColumbiaSoft
Content Manager
Computhink's ViewWise
DocPoint
Documentum
Filehold
FileNet
Hummingbird DM
HybrydScan
Hyland Software's OnBase
ImageNow by Perceptive Software
ImagePlus
Infonic Document Manager UK
Intact
Interwoven's Worksite
Invu
ISIS Papyrus
KnowledgeTree
Laserfiche Livelink
Main//Pyrus DMS
M-Files
Newgen OmniDocs
Nuxeo
O³Spaces
Objective
OpenKM
Oracle's Stellent
Questys Solutions
Redmap
Report2Web
Saperion
Microsoft SharePoint
Teamwork
TRIM Context
Version One Ltd
Xerox Docushare

What is Document management system (DMS)

A document management system (DMS) is a computer system (or set of computer programs) used to track and store electronic documents and/or images of paper documents.

From the very beginnings of modern office work, the workflow of data management has been an
important subject. Right from the beginning, office work included the production as well as the administration and distribution of documents. Different technologies were used for these purposes. In the past, the typewriter was the most important device for the preparation of documents. For the storage of documents, various conventional systems came to existence which supported the storage, the locating and the distribution of documents with the help of cardcatalogues or folders. Since the seventies, the distribution of documents was supported by modern photocopying processes. This document distribution process was mostly used in connection with manual file systems, and competed with the modern information technologies based on EDP (Electronic Document Processing) when these were introduced the first time.

Beginning in the 1980s, a number of vendors began developing systems to manage paper-based documents. These systems managed paper documents, which included not only printed and published documents, but also photos, prints, etc.

Later, a second system was developed, to manage electronic documents, i.e., all those documents, or files, created on computers, and often stored on local user file systems. The earliest electronic document management (EDM) systems were either developed to manage proprietary file types, or a limited number of file formats. Many of these systems were later referred to as document imaging systems, because the main capabilities were capture, storage, indexing and retrieval of image file formats. These systems enabled an organization to capture faxes and forms, save copies of the documents as images, and store the image files in the repository for security and quick retrieval (retrieval was possible because the system handled the extraction of the text from the document as it was captured, and the text indexer provided text retrieval capabilities).
The traditional storage of documents had a lot of disadvantages compared to electronic archiving - above all, the large expenditure of time, material, and personnel for the organization and maintenance of the manual process. In addition to the enormous space required for the storage, conventional file systems are also regarded as relatively unreliable concerning the locating of documents.  Documents have to be copied and stored repeatedly since they are usually passed on to different places, e.g. to the different departments of an enterprise. In these time-consuming distribution channels, documents were lost easily, filed in a wrong way or they simply fell into oblivion. Sometimes, even different versions of a document existed because its older version had not been replaced by the new one. 
 

How to print In Linux?

On UNIX/Linux systems you have the choice, which software you like to use to print out your documents. Four programs are introduced now, which you can take to use CUPS quite comfortably.

You have to decide which of it fits best to you and your purposes. 

Xpp

XPP is a little print panel for the X Window system that gives you the opportunity to use all the features of your printer very comfortably as long as they are supported by CUPS.
It can be downloaded at

http://cups.sourceforge.net/xpp
In order to use XPP from a given application you just have to use the xpp instead of the lpr/lpd command. Just type in xpp and you can choose a printer and its options.
QTCUPS

QTCUPS is a full functional print panel based on the qt-library.
It gives you the opportunity to adjust the settings of your printer for
every print out, like XPP and glp do.
QTCUPS is open source software and you can download it from:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/cups

ESP Print Pro (glp

ESP Print Pro provides a little graphical tool as print panel, called glp. It gives you the opportunity to make print specific settings for every print out. You have to have ESP Print Pro installed to use it! You can start glp with the following command:
glp

Command line based Linux printer installation

 In order to install a new printer to your computer on the command line you can use the tool lpadmin. You have to be root (or make an su) to use lpadmin

General syntax for the lpadmin command:

/usr/sbin/lpadmin -p [printername] -E -v[device] -m[ppd-file

Options:
-p: followed by printer name (chosen by admin)
-E: enables print queue
-v: followed by device e.g. File:/ , parallel:/ , lpd:/ , socket:/ ,
ipp:/ . Choose the type of device your printer is connected to. If it is connected via the network, choose lpd. If it is connected locally to your computer, choose lpd and so on.

-m: The PPD file is taken from /usr/share/cups/model . You can choose every possible directory for installing the needed PPD file. There is no need to copy it into a specific directory (mostly this would be /usr/share/cups/model ), lpadmin would do this for you.

2. After installation you should configure the printer depending on the installed hardware and your needs. For system wide configuration of your printers you have to edit the PPD files in
/etc/cups/ppd/[printername].ppd

The PPD files of your installed printers are saved here and the original PPD files are stored in
/usr/share/cups/model
For user specific configuration you might use the program lpoptions. After that, edit .lpoptions in your home directory.
The command lpoptions gives you important information about the features of your printer that you can use with CUPS.
General syntax for the lpoptions command:
lpoptions -h [host] -p [printer] –l
Options:
-h: host name
-p: printer name

Linux Printer Installation

You can use a variety of tools to administer printers in CUPS. Some are special to your distribution, some are free and some are commercial. We tested CUPS mostly on a PC running SuSE Linux.We cannot say much about the use of CUPS with any other Linux distribution like RedHat or Linux Mandrake, but it should be very similar on any other system.

Two ways on how to install a printer are shown in the following:

1. a GUI based installation (using the ESP web interface)

2. an installation with command line tools

GUI based installation example

AS mentioned before, the ESP web interface is included in any CUPS version. You can use it for printer administration and job management. To show this example, we used the web interface provided by CUPS. It is accessible via Port 631, the standard port for IPP and CUPS. It is no problem if you have CUPS and other servers on the same machine while using this port.
1. Just type the following URL:
http://localhost:631
if you are working locally on your server
http://[server-name]:631
This procedure will lead you to the starting page of the web
interface.  Choose "Manage Printers" here to get to the printer overview.This screen shows you all printers installed on your system and their current status. Printers marked green are ready to print, printers marked red with an open tray are stopped. In that case you have to check whether there is a problem 
2. In order to install a new one, choose "Add Printer" here.
3. Then you have to give a name to your new printer.

4. In this step you have to choose the type of connection that you are using for the printer you like to install. Possible settings you can choose are:
• Disk File
• App Socket /HP Jet Direct
• Internet printing protocol
• LPR/LPD Host or printer
• Parallel or serial ports

5. Now you have to put in a valid IP-address and a remote queue name for your printer.

6. Now choose your manufacturer. All the manufacturer names offered in this list and the model
names offered in the list in Step 7 are generated by CUPS while using the PPD files stored in 

/usr/share/cups/model/[name of manufacturer]
If your printer does not appear in this list, please make sure that there is a PPD file for it in this location. If it is not, get one and just copy it to this location.

7. Now you have to choose a printer. If your printer does not appear in the list you have to install a PPD file on your system. To install a PPD you have to copy it to
/usr/share/cups/model/[konicaminolta]
and restart your CUPS server with the commands
Linux: # /etc/init.d/cups restart
or
Linux: # rccups restart
The last one does not work on every system, but in SuSE Linux it does. You need to be logged in as root to do that (or use the “Speruser” command SU).

Now your printer is installed and ready to be configured.

Linux printing

The Common UNIX Printing System ("CUPS") is a portable printing system for UNIX-Systems. It is developed by Easy Software Products. It is going to replace the old Line printer daemon ("LPD") and to become the new standard printing system on Linux/UNIX. CUPS is based on IPP (Internet Printing Protocol), an extension of the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and gives you the opportunity of the full control over every printer in your network. IPP is designed to provide remote printing services and is very close to become the standard network printing system on all operating systems. Also, Windows 2000 is going to support IPP as network printing protocol.
Besides IPP, smb, socket, serial, parallel and USB (Universal Serial Bus), CUPS also supports the old LPD/LPR system, wherefore you can use the LPR/LPD command set to work with your printers, if you have to. CUPS is designed to be compatible with it but some tools like Berkeleys lpc can be used for system control only.  The CUPS software can be used either as server (in most cases) or as client, so there is no need to have different software for each purpose.
CUPS is designed to use PPD files (PostScript Printer Description) to make printers work with UNIX. The server generates its own driver for each printer from a given PPD file to make it available in your network. No additional driver for your clients is needed. In most cases, PPD files designed for Windows NT will work fine without any changes. CUPS is provided under the GNU GPL (General Public License) and the CUPS API's (Application Programming Interface) are provided under the GNU LGPL, so it may be used in commercial applications.

UNIX and Linux

The development of UNIX began in 1969 by the MULTICS developer Ken Thompson. He tried to create an easy-to-use operating system for mainframe computers without the typical batch operation. In the times before UNIX, most of the operating systems were batch operating systems. This means that you had to “write” the application that you want to run on a computer onto a punched card or onto a batch of punched cards. The result was usually printed out. If there was an error, you had to replace or change one or more of the punched cards and start over again. This system was lengthy and expensive so people wanted a system were more people can work in dialogue with the computer. The first step in this direction was the operating system called “MULTICS”. However, MULTICS was hard to handle and still batch operated.
The first version of UNIX was written in the programming language Assembler. Assembler is a programming language that is close to the computer platform on which it is installed. To provide 
independence of the computer platform, the UNIX was re-written in “C”. “C” is a programming language that was developed in 1971 by
Dennis Ritchie. 
In 1974, UNIX was described for the first time. At this time, it had multi-user and multi-tasking capabilities. Every user had his own “home directory” with his files; no user could access files of other users. That was elementary for a multi-user operating system. Multi- user operating systems were needed urgently because many people had to share one mainframe computer. Ken Thompson developed the UNIX system for his employer, the Bell Laboratories. Bell Laboratories is a 100% subsidiary company of AT&T. The Bell Laboratories gave the documentation for UNIX and the source code for nearly the cost price to universities. Besides,
AT&T was doomed in an Antitrust-procedure in 1956 to give away licenses on all his patents. Therefore, many different UNIX systems came into being. These systems are all UNIX-systems but differ in details.
Historically, Linux distributions have mainly been used as server operating systems, and have risen to prominence in that area; Netcraft reported in September 2006 that eight of the ten most reliable internet hosting companies ran Linux distributions on their web servers. (As of June 2008, Linux distributions represented five of ten, FreeBSD three of ten, and Microsoft two of ten. This is due to its relative stability and long uptime, and the fact that desktop software with a graphical user interface for servers is often unneeded. Enterprise and non-enterprise Linux distributions may be found running on servers. Linux distributions are the cornerstone of the LAMP server-software combination (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python) which has achieved popularity among developers, and which is one of the more common platforms for website hosting. Linux distributions are commonly used as operating systems for supercomputers. As of August 2008, out of the top 500 systems, 423 (84.6%) run a Linux distribution. Nevertheless, the use of the different UNIX-systems was restricted by licenses and rules, made by the manufacturers. Besides, UNIX programs were given away only in binary code that is (nearly) unreadable for humans.

What is Linux?

Linux is an operating system for computers that was initiated by the Finnish student Linus Benedict Torvalds. He had begun to develop a Kernel for a new operating system in 1991. The Kernel is the essential part of each Unix based operating system. It is the heart of the system. The Kernel is responsible for:
• The table of processes.
• The memory management.
• The management of the multitasking- and multi-user capability.
• The management of the mass-storage systems.
• The hardware-drivers for printers, modems, etc.
However, Linux is far more than only the Kernel. Linux is a complete operating system that was developed over the years by many people. This is completed by applications like the XFree86™, the X Windows System for PC based computers, the word processing and layout application TEX or the StarOffice™, and (of course) games. The development of the Kernel is still coordinated by Linus Torvalds. He implements every change of the Kernel by himself. The special quality of Linux is the fact, that Linux basically is a free system. Therefore, many developers that were keen about the idea of free software, worked on Linux over the years for free.
Linux distributions are predominantly known for their use in servers, although they are installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from embedded devices and mobile phones to supercomputers,[3] and their popularity as a desktop/laptop operating system has been growing lately due to the rise of netbooks and the Ubuntu distribution of the operating system.
The name "Linux" comes from the Linux kernel, originally written in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The rest of the system, including utilities and libraries, usually comes from the GNU operating system announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. The GNU contribution is the basis for the alternative name GNU/Linux.
The development of UNIX began in 1969 by the MULTICS developer Ken Thompson. He tried to create an easy-to-use operating system for mainframe computers without the typical batch operation. In the times before UNIX, most of the operating systems were batch operating systems. This means that you had to “write” the application that you want to run on a computer onto a punched card or onto a batch of punched cards. The result was usually printed out. If there was an error, you had to replace or change one or more of the punched cards and start over again. This system was lengthy and expensive so people wanted a system were more people can work in dialogue with the computer. The first step in this direction was the operating system called “MULTICS”. However, MULTICS was hard to handle and still batch operated.
The first version of UNIX was written in the programming language Assembler. Assembler is a programming language that is close to the computer platform on which it is installed. To provide
independence of the computer platform, the UNIX was re-written in “C”. “C” is a programming language that was developed in 1971 by Dennis Ritchie. In 1974, UNIX was described for the first time. At this time, it had multi-user and multi-tasking capabilities. Every user had his own 
“home directory” with his files; no user could access files of other users. That was elementary for a multi-user operating system. Multi- user operating systems were needed urgently because many people had to share one mainframe computer. Ken Thompson developed the UNIX system for his employer, the Bell Laboratories. Bell Laboratories is a 100% subsidiary company of AT&T. The Bell Laboratories gave the documentation for UNIX and the source code for nearly the cost price to universities. Besides, AT&T was doomed in an Antitrust-procedure in 1956 to give away licenses on all his patents. Therefore, many different UNIX systems came into being. These systems are all UNIX-systems but differ in details.